It is essential for patients to be informed about their testosterone levels. This helps them identify any underlying medical conditions and make informed health choices.

Ho, C. K. (2011). Testosterone testing in adult males. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology, 33(2), 71–81.

Saliva testing for measuring testosterone levels has gained acceptance as a dependable approach. (Keevil et al., 2014)

According to It can be used in a clinical setting to diagnose and treat hormonal disorders. (Hammerich et al., 2017)

Keevil, B. G., MacDonald, P., Macdowall, W., Lee, D. M., Wu, F. C., & NATSAL Team (2014). Salivary testosterone measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in adult males and females. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 51(Pt 3), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563213506412

Hammerich, K. H., Donahue, T. F., Rosner, I. L., Cullen, J., Kuo, H. C., Hurwitz, L., Chen, Y., Bernstein, M., Coleman, J., Danila, D. C., & Metwalli, A. R. (2017). Alkaline phosphatase velocity predicts overall survival and bone metastasis in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urologic oncology, 35(7), 460.e21–460.e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.02.001

Tests to measure testosterone levels are primarily offered as blood-based sample collection. (Goldman et al., 2017) Patients reported a definite preference for saliva collection when choosing between oral, urine, and blood samples. Testing saliva is less invasive, and research shows that participation in testing is increased for this option. (Dhima et al., 2013)

Goldman, A. L., Bhasin, S., Wu, F. C. W., Krishna, M., Matsumoto, A. M., & Jasuja, R. (2017). A Reappraisal of Testosterone’s Binding in Circulation: Physiological and Clinical Implications. Endocrine reviews, 38(4), 302–324. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2017-00025

Dhima, M., Salinas, T. J., Wermers, R. A., Weaver, A. L., & Koka, S. (2013). Preference changes of adult outpatients for giving saliva, urine and blood for clinical testing after actual sample collection. Journal of prosthodontic research, 57(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2012.09.004

It is important to monitor testosterone levels in those with a potential imbalance and patients actively managing their levels. During treatment, testing every three to six months is recommended to ensure patients are within the desired range. (Fui et al., 2014)

Collection using saliva provides convenience for patients and improved compliance with frequent testing regimens.

Fui, M. N. T., Dupuis, P., & Grossmann, M. (2014). Lowered testosterone in male obesity: Mechanisms, morbidity and management. Asian Journal of Andrology, 16(2), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682X.122585

Testosterone is a hormone produced by the male and female reproductive organs that is essential for the development of sexual characteristics, including muscle mass and bone density. It also plays a critical role in the formation of male reproductive organs such as the testes and prostate gland.

Huo, S., Scialli, A. R., McGarvey, S., Hill, E., Tügertimur, B., Hogenmiller, A., Hirsch, A. I., & Fugh-Berman, A. (2016). Treatment of Men for “Low Testosterone”: A Systematic Review. PLoS One, 11 (9). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162480

Abnormal testosterone levels in males can cause low libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased muscle mass, and fatigue. Female symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, reduced sex drive, and vaginal dryness.

Cunningham, G., & Toma, S. (2011). Why is androgen replacement in males controversial? The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1658

Testosterone plays an important role in physical and mental health. Low levels of testosterone can have various effects, such as weakened bones, higher fat percentage, and reduced muscle strength. It can also cause emotional disturbances, like depression and irritability.

Morgentaler, A., Traish, A., Hackett, G., Jones, T. H., & Ramasamy, R. (2019). Diagnosis and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency: Updated Recommendations From the Lisbon 2018 International Consultation for Sexual Medicine. Sexual medicine reviews, 7(4), 636–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.06.003

Females should have salivary testosterone levels of 5–46 pmol/L and males should have salivary testosterone levels of 93–378 pmol/L. (Keevil et al., 2014)

These numbers are highly sensitive to several factors, like age, medication, medical conditions, and the time of day and season when the test is taken. (Paduch et al., 2013)

Keevil, B. G., MacDonald, P., Macdowall, W., Lee, D. M., Wu, F. C., & NATSAL Team (2014). Salivary testosterone measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in adult males and females. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 51(Pt 3), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563213506412

Paduch, D. A., Brannigan, R. E., Fuchs, E. F., Kim, E. D., Marmar, J. L., & Sandlow, J. I. (2014). The laboratory diagnosis of testosterone deficiency. Urology, 83(5), 980–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.12.024